Dichotomy Between Theory and Practice in Education

The interaction between â€Å"theory† and â€Å"practice† in education is a dichotomy that people have been trying to understand for over 2,000 years. The relationship between theorists and practitioners is very complicated because there are issues that surround the pace of change in theory and practice. The debates that have occurred continue to occur through today in an array of perspectives about the purpose of education and about how to encourage learning. Practical knowledge can be defined as knowledge inhibited through practice, action, or experience. Theoretical knowledge is an idea that is a logical explanation of a set of relationships that has been experimented with plenty of research. Theorists are people who carry out in-depth research†¦show more content†¦Educators will develop a unique way of learning from their personal experiences. Professionals learn which learning theories are more effective for them to use in the classroom. In addition to thi s, educators can have certain classroom practices that can reflect their personalities and experiences. During the twentieth century, intellectual thinking has been conquered by a strong dissimilarity between theory and practice. Theoretical knowledge was considered to be of a higher standing and of more value than concrete skills. Much of the educational research concentrated on theory formation, both explanatory, for explanation, and authoritarian, for behavioral instructions. As a result, educationalists in different subjects and professions were challenged with the problem of bridging the gap between theory and practice, an undertaking that never seemed to be successful. During the previous few years, this dilemma has been evaluated in many dissimilar fields of education. Educators developed different models of knowledge in many different ways to solve the dichotomy between theory and practice. A theory should be developed from practical experience as well as research. One aspect of the learning process is any given theory. Educators can watch and carefully observe how their studen ts learn things and what they can do. From observations, professionals can create an explanation or a theory of an aspect of the learning process, such as Bloom’sShow MoreRelatedWhy The Ndp 11 Was Suspended1207 Words   |  5 Pagesalong with independence; respect for political control along with a commitment for to shape and implement policy in ways that promote the public interest. 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For a moment, Liberal Arts caught my eye as it gave me the freedom to explore my own identity. However, upon sharing this out loud with those

Cell Phones have become a Part of Everyday Life - 1002 Words

Issue Statement. Cell phones have become an everyday part of life. The cell phones original purpose was for mobile verbal communication. Today, there are multiple purposes for cell phones which are verbal communication, email, social media, apps, and text messaging. Verbal communication no longer is the only way to communicate anymore rather text messaging today has become the preferred form of communication among college-aged youth and young adults. Although text messaging has become the most preferred form of communication it has had some negative effects on college-aged youth and young adults in a physical, emotional, and physiological way. Holtgraves, Thomas, and Korey Paul. â€Å"Texting Versus Talking: An Exploration in Telecommunication Language.† Telematics and Informatics 30 (2013): 289-295. Web. 26 February 2014. There has been a lot of prior research on text messaging. Research was conducted to study the language and type of words used in the text messages versus the language and words used in a telephone conversations. The most received text messages of two hundred and twenty four randomly selected participants were looked at and studied. Then these text messages were compared to two hundred and fourteen randomly selected telephone conversations. Results showed countless amounts of differences between the language in text messages and telephone conversations. The results furthered the understanding of the language used in text messaging Though there are otherShow MoreRelatedDream Phones Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pageshaving a cell phone is the ultimate cool demand. It is most probably due to the hip new flip-tops or slim-style with cameras, but regardless what model it is and the reason for having one, people are carrying them. There was a time when it was considered that only the rich were those who can afford cell phones. 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Enzyme lab free essay sample

Introduction Enzymes are the ultimate catalysts of living things. Enzymes are made of proteins which are structured and directed by amino acids chains. Enzymes attract and fit substrate molecules to an active site. The active site binds the substrate molecules covalently to enzyme forming an enzyme-substrate complex, which catalyzes the substrate molecule into a product. Enzymes have the capability to break or build compounds which keep cell systems functioning. For example, our digestive tract has catabolic enzymes which break apart food for storage and reuse. Our lab experiment studied the relationship of benzoquinone production when altering the pH and temperature of the reaction, as well as enzyme and substrate concentrations. We used a Spec 20 to evaluate absorbance at 540 nm. Absorbance represents rate of product formation. We tested the substrate catechol and the enzyme catacholase and recorded the product benzoquinone. The objective was to identify the optimal conditions for the enzyme catacholase. I predicted that the reaction rate will rise with increasing enzyme concentrations until an optimal reaction rate is attained. This is because there are only so many substrates that need to react with the active sites on the enzymes. Once this equilibrium is reached the graph will stabilize and remain constant. I predicted that the reaction rate will increase with increasing substrate concentrations until an optimal point where there aren’t enough active sites on the enzymes to accommodate the influx of substrate molecules. At this point the graph will reach equilibrium and remain constant. I predicted that heat would accelerate the reaction because if molecules have high kinetic energy their motions will become increasingly rapid. An incline in the graph will be evident but a decline will also occur because proteins denature at high temperatures. The enzyme will lose its shape and thus its work function will diminish, like an overheated car. This graph should   resemble a pyramid. I predicted that the most acidic and basic environments would have a low level of reaction and that neutral pH will produce the greatest level of reaction. Living systems operate in a certain cell environment, pH levels vary in hydrogen ion concentrations. I presumed that the potato would need a neutral pH solvent because most enzymes generally function at neutral pH levels. This graph will resemble a bell curve. Methods We conducted four experiments. All four test results measured benzoquinone production by a spectrophotometer at 540nm. Higher levels of absorbency means higher rates of benzoquinone production. In the first experiment we tested how enzymatic concentration will affect the level of benzoquinone production. We had four treatments all; with equal total volume, a constant substrate concentrations and varying enzyme extract concentrations (Table A.1). The enzyme-substrate complex will form and react spontaneously upon adding the extract; therefore in all experiments catacholase was added last to each test tube. We covered the four tubes with parafilm and inverted the tubes for three minutes at one minute intervals. We then recorded the absorbance. In activity B our objective is to determine if substrate concentration will affect the level of benzoquinone production. There are six treatments each have equal total volume, constant extract (enzyme) concentrations and varying substrate (catechol) concentrations (Table B.1). After amounted water and substrate is mixed the enzyme was added last. The tubes were covered with parafilm and inverted for three minutes at a one minute intervals. Once each tube has been processed for three minutes re-zero the Spec and then record the absorbance units. In activity C our objective is to test how different temperatures will affect the rate of benzoquinone production. In our four treatments each was held at a certain temperature (Table C.1). We prepared the temperate environments by; putting 100 mL of tap water with boiling chips in a beaker and on a hot plate, we placed ice into a separate beaker for an ice bath, we positioned a tube rack for room temperature test, and then placed another  beaker into a warm water bath. We measured 4 mL of catechol and 1 mL of water into all four tubes. After we covered the four tubes with parafilm and inverted followed by the incubation of tubes in their designated environments for five minutes. After five minutes we added 1 mL of potato extract (enzyme) and covered all but the boiling tube. We inverted the catacholase (to mix boiling tube we carefully stirred). After adding the enzyme we measured the temperature of each tube and then incubated them in their temperate environments for five more mi nutes. Following five minutes we prepared the Spec and recorded the absorbance. In activity D our objective was to test whether pH level would increase or decrease benzoquinone production. We added varying pH levels into four tubes based on (Table D.1). We covered the tubes with parafilm and inverted each for three minutes in one minute intervals. After three minutes we prepared the Spec and recorded each tube’s absorbance. Results and Discussion As the enzyme concentration increased, there was a solid increase in benzoquinone production (Figure A.1). My hypothesis stated that product formation would rise until a maximum was obtained. Based on the data, my results did not support my hypothesis. From this experiment I learned that the concentration of enzymes can significantly speed up reaction rate and that enzymes are versatile in that they will bind substrate molecules and catalyze at a high rates even if the substrate level is constant. This test could be improved by including more enzyme concentrations to broaden our data spectrum and perhaps then my hypothesis will be supported. As substrate concentration increased, there was an increase in absorbance followed by a plateau around 1.6 ml of catechol (Figure B.1). My hypothesis stated that product formation would rise until a maximum when absorbance would plateau because substrate molecules would outnumber enzyme active sites. Based on data gathered, results support my hypothesis because with 0.5 :1 substrate to enzyme ratio, production began to level off. From this experiment I learned that catechol concentration has a big impact because the substrate represents the workload that needs to be acted on and therefore the higher concentrations can overload enzyme workspace. If we  were to expand this experiment and include more substrate concentrations then we could assess the hypothesis more accurately to see if the enzyme reaction rate continues to remain constant when enzyme occupation is reached. Benzoquinone product formation climaxed at 52 degrees Celsius this is the optimal functioning rate, any temperature to follow will obstruct the enzyme’s function and result in decreasing levels of product formation (Figure C.1). My hypothesis stated that the enzyme will function faster with activation energy supplied from kinetic heat. But that this fast rise will subsequently be prone to a rapid decrease because once optimal temperature is breached, the tertiary structure of the enzymatic proteins will unravel into dormant amino acid chains. Our test results support my hypothesis in that there is a cone shaped graph which represents a maximum functioning level of 52 degrees Celsius. There is a rapid decline at 99.3 degrees Celsius. From this experiment we learn that enzymatic rate of product formation depends on the solution temperature. Such as the maladies fever instills, high temperature denatures proteins which disable enzymes capability to function properly. We could expand this experiment by testing different substrates other than catechol to see if this temperature relationship/pattern is applicable to other enzymatic reactions. The high acidic and basic solvents had a low reaction rate while the neutral/basic environment had the highest benzoquinone production (Figure D.1). My hypothesis stated that the graph would resemble a bell curve because most enzymes catalyze within a neutral solvent environment. Our test results support this hypothesis slightly because there was a bell shape curve, however I learned that the enzyme catacholase generates benzoquinone faster in a slightly basic environment specifically pH 8. We can expand this experiment by using other substrates (not catechol) with the same test process we can compare what kinds of substrates operate in certain pH environments. It would be interesting to find a pattern or categories in which substrate react accordingly with, for example the enzymes in our gut work in a slightly acidic microenvironment. Conclusion Enzymes help biological systems function. They induce the biochemical process by holding reactants in position and catalyzing the reaction to form the product. Catecholase, the enzyme, lowers the activation energy needed  for benzoquinone to form, which makes the chemical reaction happen much quicker. The rate of enzymatic reaction is very important to every organism’s survival. We act accordingly to ensure a stable environment in our bodies so that our metabolism and immune systems function properly. The enzyme is like a crane that transfers iron rods onto a building structure, without that mechanism the building would take forever to build! Multiple chemical reactions occur for a process to function. If the enzymes which catalyze such reactions aren’t regulated, metabolic pathways would result in chaos. The objective in this experiment was to evaluate what solute concentrations and physical environments the enzyme catacholase would function best to. We tested what enzyme and substrate concentrations and what temperature and pH levels would generate the highest reaction rates. We analyzed how these variables would effect enzyme function by measuring the rate of benzoquinone production in absorbance. We found that high enzyme concentration would increase product formation; that high substrate concentrations would plateau when no enzyme work sites are left vacant; that catacholase denatures after the optimal heat of 52 degrees Celsius; and that catacholase functions best at a pH 8 level. It is important to understand how enzymes perform the best because then we can have greater control over the maintenance of these vital systems. For example your body can become too acidic from alcohol poisoning which causes body malfunctions and ultimately a black out. In this lab I found that the enzyme catacholase worked best when enzyme concentration was greatest resulting in a positive linear graph, and that the substrate concentration would as well enhance reaction rate until 1.5mL of catechol concentration, at which point enzyme reactors are all occupied and the graph plateaus. We also can conclude that 52 degrees Celsius is catacholase’s optimal function level and that a slightly basic pH solvent is most efficent for product formation. These experiments represent a selective study based on limited solute concentrations and temperature and pH test environments. Further study on enzymatic functions can proceed by adding more substrate and enzyme concentrations, this will expand data and grant a bigger picture as to how reaction formation will continue. In relation to enzymatic environment levels we can further the temperature and pH experiments by incorporating a different solute unlike catachol to determine if any patterns of favored  microenvironments develop.

Write a Description of the Duties and Responsibilities of Your Own Work Role Essay Example

Write a Description of the Duties and Responsibilities of Your Own Work Role Essay 1. Write a description of the duties and responsibilities of your own work role (Approx. 300 – 500 words) I consider my role at the school like being a character in a play. An actor has to do and say the things that their audience would expect them to do and say. Being a professional early years worker means doing and saying what is expected from all those involved. However, as Kath Bulman stated in her book â€Å"BTEC First Early Years†, professionalism involves the ability to balance different people’s expectations. As an early year’s worker I must make sure that the environment is safe for children to be in. As stated by Penny Tassoni (2002), I must make sure that children’s environments are safe by carrying out checks and by being generally observant. All children have a basic right to build a positive future and this includes emotional, physical and mental health. Good emotional well-being and mental health will enable the child to build positive relationships, cope with the ups and downs of life, realize their own potential and have the opportunity to develop emotionally, intellectually and spiritually. Building a good relationship with children, parents, adults and colleagues is very important, as it helps in creating a welcoming and pleasant environment in the setting. It helps to develop trust among parents and carers. Furthermore a child’s welfare is paramount, thus working in partnership with parents and communicating with them, will help in the overall development of the children. According to Bruce and Meggitt (2006) respect and effective communication are two of the main responsibilities of a child carer. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a Description of the Duties and Responsibilities of Your Own Work Role specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Write a Description of the Duties and Responsibilities of Your Own Work Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Write a Description of the Duties and Responsibilities of Your Own Work Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Effective communication provides a means in establishing contact, influencing others and a way to build relationships. It is my duty as a carer to ensure that the children are provided with enough time and a proper space where effective communication can take place. I should identify each individual’s preferences and needs, and strive to provide the appropriate support that aids the child to reach his/her full potential. As a professional working with children I should make sure that children experience interactions that make them feel valued, respected and capable. This can be reached by taking into account the different backgrounds, requirements and communication skills of individuals. Thus, develop ongoing consultation between all those involved and review regularly. Arnold J. (2005) came up with such a plan that identifies training and development needs, setting objectives, when tasks will be reviewed and how it will be known when objectives have been reached. Another vital duty is to respect the privacy of children and their parents and carers, while ensuring that they access high quality care and play opportunities in the setting. I should aim to ensure that all parents and carers can share their information in the confidence that it will only be used to enhance the welfare of their children. I am expected to tend to my duties with immense responsibility since I am â€Å"intimately involved with the child – giving the child a sense of belonging, of being loved and important. †(Kath Bulman, 2004). When children grow up in a caring setting, they grow to like who they are, to be confident and have self-esteem. References: Penny Tassoni (2002), CERTIFICATE CHILD CARE AND EDUCATION, Oxford, Heinmann Educational Publishers. Kath Bulman (2004), BTEC FIRST EARLY YEARS, Oxford, Heinmann Educational Publishers. Arnold, J. (2005) WORK PSYCHOLOGY, 4th edition. Essex: Pearson. Bruce, T and Meggitt, C, (2006) CHILD CARE AND EDUCATION 4th edition. London : Hodder Arnold. 2. Prepare an explanation of the expectations about your own work role as expressed in relevant standards. (Approx. 250 – 350 words) AS a child carer I am expected to keep in mind that childhood is a very important phase in life, not just because children represent the future, but also to â€Å"allow children to live in the present and to realize their full potential†. The National Standards stresses the importance of having â€Å"suitable persons†. When parents opt to trust carers with their children, the former must provide the best alternate care possible, ensuring their safety and well being. As a carer I should satisfy the recruitment criteria, being; age, experience, qualification and references. Any child care facility should provide appropriate carer to child ratios that enables children to receive individual attention from their key worker. The latter should provide them with opportunities for self-expression, to play individually and to interact with others. I am expected to ensure that the children are welcomed in an adequate space that ensures safety, hygiene and security. The service should be physically accessible, including toilets that are accessible to everyone using the centre. Any equipment used should be in compliance with good standards of safety and hygiene. Strict standards of hygiene should be practiced and encouraged to prevent and control the spread of infections. Moreover, I am expected to promote the benefits of a healthy diet and encourage parents to reinforce them. The facility should be managed by a qualified person who sets clear objectives, to both parents and staff, which should be reinforced by having a written manual containing all the policies and procedures of the centre. Furthermore, I am expected to provide diverse opportunities that cater for the children’s diverse needs, in order to promote their intellectual curiosity and development. I should design various activities; to promote inclusion and participation, respecting race, culture or religion of any child. I am expected to encourage children to take responsibility for their own behaviour and to show care and consideration towards others. I should consult the parents on a regular basis regarding the progress and development of the children. Finally, I am expected to be trained to recognize signs of suspected abuse and report these findings to my manager, who is then obliged to report to the authorities. Such issues should be dealt with extreme confidentiality. References: Ministry for the Family and Social Solidairity (July 2006). National Standards for Child Day Care facilities.

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Dishes from theClassics

Top Ten Dishes from theClassics For her series Fictitious Dishes, photographer Dinah Fried staged her favorite food scenes from literature. Via The Picture Show, heres a sample of her amazing work to delight foodies and book lovers alike. Im interested in creating something that evokes an emotional feeling for myself and others. I wanted to see how other people who had read the books would connect on that level. On the Road I ate apple pie and ice cream - it was getting better as I got deeper into Iowa, the pie bigger, the ice cream richer. The Bell Jar Then I tackled the avocado and crabmeat salad. Avocados are my favorite fruit. Every Sunday my grandfather used to bring me an avocado pear hidden at the bottom of his briefcase under six soiled shirts and the Sunday comics. Oliver Twist The gruel disappeared; the boys whispered each other, and winked at Oliver; while his next neighbors nudged him. Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. Alice in Wonderland There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Then he made himself lunch, which consisted of coffee and open sandwiches, and sat in the garden, where he was typing up the notes of his conversation with Pastor Falk. The Catcher in the Rye After I had left the skating rink I went to a drugstore and had a Swiss cheese sandwich and a malted milk. Heidi The kettle soon began to boil, and meanwhile the old man held a large piece of cheese on a long iron fork over the fire, turning it round and round till it was toasted a nice golden yellow color on each side. Moby Dick It was made of small juicy clams, scarcely bigger than hazel nuts, mixed with pounded ship biscuit, and salted pork cut up into little flakes; the whole enriched with butter, and plentifully seasoned with pepper and salt. To Kill a Mockingbird The kitchen table was loaded with enough food to bury the family: hunks of salt pork, tomatoes, beans, even scuppernongs. Swanns Way She sent out for one of those short, plump little cakes called  petites madeleines, which look as though they had been moulded in the fluted scallop of a pilgrims shell.

Cybercrimes for IT Professionals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cybercrimes for IT Professionals - Essay Example Tribunals consider establishing a global cyber court with a single aim to contest and adjudicate all cyber felons who committed various cyber crimes around the globe. For example, a cyber felon from Japan, who was caught hacking a business system in the United States, will be tried through the cyber court. However, this idealistic notion is in the process of development and agreement between countries. Nevertheless, it is best for business organizations to ensure and perfectly manage their cyber systems in order to avoid an attack by cyber felons, such as strengthening the computer network access made by the organizational management. In this way, business management can first handedly secure and elude any potential threat onto their system database (McConnell International, 2000; Johansson, 2006b). The problem on cyber crime is not far from resolution because of new and evolving ways to stop such offense. The basic way to stop cyber crime is not through a litigation process held by legal professionals, but it will depend on the IT professionals who are hired to make sure that the company’s data system is secured and

A Wall of Separation between Law and Religion Term Paper

A Wall of Separation between Law and Religion - Term Paper Example The history of the United States is replete with governmental acknowledgment, and in some cases accommodation, of religion. The national motto â€Å"IN GOD WE TRUST† of the United States first appeared on the 1864 two-cent coin, which was officially adopted in 1956, clearly proves that the government is not atheist. (Facts sheet, 2007) The First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† The Establishment Clause represents one of America’s most cherished safeguards and is also most heavily litigated. Time and again there are allegations that â€Å"the courts and their civil-libertarian allies have waged a relentless battle to drive the words and symbols of traditional faith from the nation’s discourse.† (Stanton, M., 1996) The main focus was not only the public schools, where prayer, Bible reading, and display of the Ten Commandments have all been banished but extends to other venues also. The co mmon view is that â€Å"from the first day of the United States until today, the Supreme Court has been pivotal in interpreting our Constitution and shaping our republic.† (Land Mark Supreme Court Cases, 2007). In the opinion of Justice Hugo Black and others, the Founding Fathers sought to raise an impregnable ‘wall of separation’ between government and religious faith when they adopted the First Amendment. Perhaps Thomas Jefferson is considered as the first to cite the term â€Å"wall of separation† in a message to the Danbury Baptists. Jefferson further emphasized his point through a letter to a Presbyterian clergy that â€Å"I consider the government to the United States as interdicted from meddling with religious institutions; certainly no power over religious discipline has been delegated to the general government.†